
For most people, Halloween is associated with children in fancy dress, shouting “Trick or treat!” and grinning pumpkin lanterns.
However, the roots of Halloween stretch far back into Britain’s heritage. Halloween is the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (a common pronunciation is ‘sow-in’), and means ‘summer’s end’. To the Celts, it marked the end of one season and the onset of winter. It was a time of communal gatherings and bonfires, long before Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot.
The Celts were intimately connected with the cycles in nature. Everything about their known religious practices and art reveals a deep-seated relationship with the elements and the changing seasons. At Halloween, the herd was thinned out. Only the fittest were fed through the winter, while the others were killed and salted to feed the community through the long dark nights to come. By now, crops had been gathered. Small wonder then, that in the midst of life, death and harvest, Halloween was venerated as a time when the ancestors drew close so that the living and the dead could feast and commune together.
After Christianity came to these islands and the influence of the Church grew, the festival was Christianised in an attempt to curb the Pagans and their practices. But ancestral memories are hard things to silence and the traditions persisted. For a long time, All Hallows was banned from the official list of Christian festivals. It was only in 1928 that the Church of England restored All Hallows to its calendar.
To our modern minds, the notions of communities lighting their fires and welcoming their ancestors may seem quaint or even disturbing. But we must remember that the world of the Celts was a world of uncertainty, where life expectancy was short and natural forces exerted a profound influence over their daily lives. Small wonder then, that they placed their trust in Nature deities and celebrated the changing forces of tide and time.
So maybe, as you light your candles, bob for apples and eat nuts around the fire - unconsciously continuing a centuries’ old pre-Christian tradition - you might cast a thought to the origins of the season and to the forebears of these lands, who influence us still.


